In chemical process equipments, the conical bottom heads used, usually has an apex angle of
In chemical process equipments, the conical bottom heads used, usually has an apex angle of
Cylindrical storage tanks used for the storage of volatile liquids (e.g., naphtha) have __________ roofs.
Cylindrical storage tanks used for the storage of volatile liquids (e.g., naphtha) have __________ roofs.
The ideal size of round bubble caps to be used in industrial distillation column having a diameter of 3-6 metres is __________ cms.
The ideal size of round bubble caps to be used in industrial distillation column having a diameter of 3-6 metres is __________ cms.
The normal range of velocity of water in pipes is __________ m/sec.
The normal range of velocity of water in pipes is __________ m/sec.
Liquid redistribution should be done in a packed tower packed with raschig rings every 6 metres or __________ times the column diameter, whichever is lower.
Liquid redistribution should be done in a packed tower packed with raschig rings every 6 metres or __________ times the column diameter, whichever is lower.
A rivetted joint does not fail by __________ of rivets.
A rivetted joint does not fail by __________ of rivets.
The minimum shell thickness for tank ≤ 15 metres diameter is limited to __________ mm, for reasons of elastic stability.
The minimum shell thickness for tank ≤ 15 metres diameter is limited to __________ mm, for reasons of elastic stability.
__________ head is the most economical for cylindrical vessels designed for operating at high pressure (> 15 atm.).
__________ head is the most economical for cylindrical vessels designed for operating at high pressure (> 15 atm.).
Baffle spacing is generally __________ the I.D. of the shell.
Baffle spacing is generally __________ the I.D. of the shell.
The equivalent diameter for pressure drop is __________ that for heat transfer.
The equivalent diameter for pressure drop is __________ that for heat transfer.
Brass valves are usually made for pipe sizes __________ inches.
Brass valves are usually made for pipe sizes __________ inches.
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, tube side __________ of the mass velocity.
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, tube side __________ of the mass velocity.
A pressure vessel is said to be made of 'thick' shell, if the ratio of its diameter to wall thickness is
A pressure vessel is said to be made of 'thick' shell, if the ratio of its diameter to wall thickness is
The force due to wind load acting on a tall vessel depends upon its
The force due to wind load acting on a tall vessel depends upon its
Value of Peclet number = 0, is the representative of
Value of Peclet number = 0, is the representative of
Maximum size of the raschig rings used in a packed tower is about __________ of the coloumn diameter.
Maximum size of the raschig rings used in a packed tower is about __________ of the coloumn diameter.
Log mean temperature difference in case of multi-pass shell and tube heat exchanger is always
Log mean temperature difference in case of multi-pass shell and tube heat exchanger is always
An increase in the liquid resistance to interphase mass transfer and a resultant reduction in plate efficiency is caused by
An increase in the liquid resistance to interphase mass transfer and a resultant reduction in plate efficiency is caused by
For identical operating conditions, the pressure drop over __________ tray is the highest out of the following.
For identical operating conditions, the pressure drop over __________ tray is the highest out of the following.
The approximate liquid depth in an agitation tank is equal to (where, d = tank diameter)
The approximate liquid depth in an agitation tank is equal to (where, d = tank diameter)
Vapor velocity in a distillation column for non-foaming mixture is in the range of __________ times the flooding velocity.
Vapor velocity in a distillation column for non-foaming mixture is in the range of __________ times the flooding velocity.
A cylindrical storage tank can have a self supported conical roof,
A cylindrical storage tank can have a self supported conical roof,
The length of straight rectangular weir used on cross-flow trays is generally __________ the column diameter.
The length of straight rectangular weir used on cross-flow trays is generally __________ the column diameter.
In the allocated cap area, bubble caps are generally arranged on equilateral triangular pitch. Number of caps fixed on a plate is with a
In the allocated cap area, bubble caps are generally arranged on equilateral triangular pitch. Number of caps fixed on a plate is with a
The slope of operating line in the rectifying section of a distillation column is unity, if the reflux ratio is
The slope of operating line in the rectifying section of a distillation column is unity, if the reflux ratio is
An underdesigned steam trap will
An underdesigned steam trap will
The normal range of velocity of steam in pipes is __________ m/sec.
The normal range of velocity of steam in pipes is __________ m/sec.
In a cylinderical vessel subjected to internal pressure, the longitudinal stress σL and the circumferential stress, σh are related by
In a cylinderical vessel subjected to internal pressure, the longitudinal stress σL and the circumferential stress, σh are related by
Overall mass transfer co-efficient in case of absorption of __________ in water is based on the gas film co-efficient only, as the mass transfer process is gas film (phase) controlling.
Overall mass transfer co-efficient in case of absorption of __________ in water is based on the gas film co-efficient only, as the mass transfer process is gas film (phase) controlling.
__________ dished head is the strongest of all.
__________ dished head is the strongest of all.
Normally, the plate thickness of the bottoms and roofs of vertically cylindrical storage vessels as compared to that of the cylindrical shell is
Normally, the plate thickness of the bottoms and roofs of vertically cylindrical storage vessels as compared to that of the cylindrical shell is
Thickness of the frame of a plate and frame filter as compared to that of plates is
Thickness of the frame of a plate and frame filter as compared to that of plates is
In most of the shell and tube heat exchangers, the tube pitch is generally __________ the tube diameter.
In most of the shell and tube heat exchangers, the tube pitch is generally __________ the tube diameter.
Baffle width is normally taken as __________ times the tank diameter.
Baffle width is normally taken as __________ times the tank diameter.
To avoid the tearing off the plate of an edge, the margin (i.e., the minimum distance from the centre of the rivet hole to the nearest edge of the plate) should be equal to
To avoid the tearing off the plate of an edge, the margin (i.e., the minimum distance from the centre of the rivet hole to the nearest edge of the plate) should be equal to
In case of bubble cap distillation column of diameter greater than 1.2 metres, the cap diameter is roughly about __________ cms.
In case of bubble cap distillation column of diameter greater than 1.2 metres, the cap diameter is roughly about __________ cms.
In case of saddle packing (e.g., berl and intralox saddles), the maximum size of the packing should not exceed __________ of the column diameter.
In case of saddle packing (e.g., berl and intralox saddles), the maximum size of the packing should not exceed __________ of the column diameter.
Scale up problem in design based on the similarity concept takes into account __________ similarity.
Scale up problem in design based on the similarity concept takes into account __________ similarity.
Removable connection of tubes to tube sheet is called
Removable connection of tubes to tube sheet is called
Circumferential (hoop) stress in a thin cylindrical vessel under internal pressure is __________ the longitudinal stress.
Circumferential (hoop) stress in a thin cylindrical vessel under internal pressure is __________ the longitudinal stress.
The thickness of segmental baffles (25 -35% cut truncated plates usually) is generally __________ the tube wall thickness.
The thickness of segmental baffles (25 -35% cut truncated plates usually) is generally __________ the tube wall thickness.
The absorption factor is defined as (where, S₁ = slope of the equilibrium curve, S₂ = slope of the operating line)
The absorption factor is defined as (where, S₁ = slope of the equilibrium curve, S₂ = slope of the operating line)
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the overall heat transfer co-efficient is proportional to the tube side (volumetric flow rate)0.8. This is valid, only when the ratio of the tube side film resistance to the total resistance is almost equal to
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the overall heat transfer co-efficient is proportional to the tube side (volumetric flow rate)0.8. This is valid, only when the ratio of the tube side film resistance to the total resistance is almost equal to
In common bubble cap distillation column design practice, riser area is approximately equal to (where, Aa = Annular passage area, and Sa = Slot area)
In common bubble cap distillation column design practice, riser area is approximately equal to (where, Aa = Annular passage area, and Sa = Slot area)
Width and depth of grooves in the tube sheet holes normally are __________ inch respectively.
Width and depth of grooves in the tube sheet holes normally are __________ inch respectively.
A binary liquid azeotropic mixture has boiling point higher than either of the components, when it shows __________ deviation from Raoult's Law.
A binary liquid azeotropic mixture has boiling point higher than either of the components, when it shows __________ deviation from Raoult's Law.
Multiple blade paddle agitator is used for mixing high viscosity liquids/paste in which the paddle diameter is commonly 0.8 times the tank diameter. However, the width of the blade is in the range of __________ times the paddle diameter.
Multiple blade paddle agitator is used for mixing high viscosity liquids/paste in which the paddle diameter is commonly 0.8 times the tank diameter. However, the width of the blade is in the range of __________ times the paddle diameter.
Elastic failure of a material occurs, when the tensile stress equals yield strength, yield point or the elastic limit. Also, the elastic failure occurs according to maximum strain theory, when the maximum tensile strain equals (where, σ = yield strength and E = modulus of elasticity)
Elastic failure of a material occurs, when the tensile stress equals yield strength, yield point or the elastic limit. Also, the elastic failure occurs according to maximum strain theory, when the maximum tensile strain equals (where, σ = yield strength and E = modulus of elasticity)
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the shortest centre to centre distance between the adjacent tubes is
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the shortest centre to centre distance between the adjacent tubes is
Minimum tube pitch recommended for shell and tube heat exchangers is about __________ times the outside diameter of the tube.
Minimum tube pitch recommended for shell and tube heat exchangers is about __________ times the outside diameter of the tube.
Longitundinal stress induced in a thin walled cylindrical storage vessel is
Longitundinal stress induced in a thin walled cylindrical storage vessel is
In a distillation column, bubble caps are located on trays with a pitch of __________ times the outside diameter of the caps.
In a distillation column, bubble caps are located on trays with a pitch of __________ times the outside diameter of the caps.
Diameter of rivet hole (d, mm) and the plate thickness (t, mm) are related by Unwin's formula as
Diameter of rivet hole (d, mm) and the plate thickness (t, mm) are related by Unwin's formula as
The testing pressure of storage tanks and pressure vessels designed as per Indian standard codes should be about __________ times.the design pressure.
The testing pressure of storage tanks and pressure vessels designed as per Indian standard codes should be about __________ times.the design pressure.
In a pressure vessel containing multiple openings of various dimensions at different parts, stress concentration at the edges of the opening is maximum which becomes negligibly small beyond the area covered by __________ times the hole diameter.
In a pressure vessel containing multiple openings of various dimensions at different parts, stress concentration at the edges of the opening is maximum which becomes negligibly small beyond the area covered by __________ times the hole diameter.
A binary liquid azeotropic mixture has boiling point lower than either of the components, when it shows __________ deviation from Raoult's Law.
A binary liquid azeotropic mixture has boiling point lower than either of the components, when it shows __________ deviation from Raoult's Law.
Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the number of
Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the number of
In case of 1.5" heat exchanger tubes, the inside flow area __________ with decrease in BWG.
In case of 1.5" heat exchanger tubes, the inside flow area __________ with decrease in BWG.
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a horizontal tube evaporator.
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a horizontal tube evaporator.
The ratio of the largest load in a test to the original cross-sectional area of the test specimen is called the __________ stress.
The ratio of the largest load in a test to the original cross-sectional area of the test specimen is called the __________ stress.
Thin spherical shells subjected to internal pressure, develop __________ stresses.
Thin spherical shells subjected to internal pressure, develop __________ stresses.
In actual operation of a bubble cap distillation tower, the __________ at the bottom of the tower is more than that at the top of the tower.
In actual operation of a bubble cap distillation tower, the __________ at the bottom of the tower is more than that at the top of the tower.
Floating head heat exchangers are used for the
Floating head heat exchangers are used for the
Tube side pressure drop in a 1-2 heat exchanger (for turbulent flow of fluids through the tubes) is about __________ times, that in a 1-1 heat exchanger having the same size & number of tubes and operated at the same liquid flow rate.
Tube side pressure drop in a 1-2 heat exchanger (for turbulent flow of fluids through the tubes) is about __________ times, that in a 1-1 heat exchanger having the same size & number of tubes and operated at the same liquid flow rate.
For a cylinderical internally pressurised vessel, which of the following closure types would withstand highest pressure, if each closure is of the same material and thickness?
For a cylinderical internally pressurised vessel, which of the following closure types would withstand highest pressure, if each closure is of the same material and thickness?
Apex angle of conical heads used in the bottom heads of chemical process equipments is usually
Apex angle of conical heads used in the bottom heads of chemical process equipments is usually
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when
Value of Peclet number = ∞, is the representative of
Value of Peclet number = ∞, is the representative of
Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 - 1.4 cp and relative volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)
Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 - 1.4 cp and relative volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)
In shell and tube heat exchangers, straight tie rods are used to
In shell and tube heat exchangers, straight tie rods are used to
The wall thickness of thin cylindrical shell with hemispherical ends is __________ that of the spherical ends.
The wall thickness of thin cylindrical shell with hemispherical ends is __________ that of the spherical ends.
__________ heat exchanger is also known as 'hair pin type' exchanger,
__________ heat exchanger is also known as 'hair pin type' exchanger,
Welded joint efficiency in the design of chemical process equipment is taken as
Welded joint efficiency in the design of chemical process equipment is taken as
Hazards associated with the relief valve leakage for extremely hazardous material storage can be taken care of by providing
Hazards associated with the relief valve leakage for extremely hazardous material storage can be taken care of by providing
In a double pipe (concentric) heat exchanger, the hydraulic radius for heat transfer (for a fluid flowing through the annulus) would be
In a double pipe (concentric) heat exchanger, the hydraulic radius for heat transfer (for a fluid flowing through the annulus) would be
Le/D for a Tee (used as elbow, entering run) would be around
Le/D for a Tee (used as elbow, entering run) would be around
The buckling tendency of compression members is always in the direction of the
The buckling tendency of compression members is always in the direction of the
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design
A single pass air heater is connected to a two pass unit. For the air flow rate and other conditions remaining the same, the film heat transfer co-efficient for air will vary in the ratio of
A single pass air heater is connected to a two pass unit. For the air flow rate and other conditions remaining the same, the film heat transfer co-efficient for air will vary in the ratio of
The retention time of material in a rotary dryer depends upon its
The retention time of material in a rotary dryer depends upon its
For turbulent flow (NRe > 2100) of low viscosity fluid (μ > 20cp) in steel pipes, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by(where, Q = fluid flow rate, ft³/sec.ρ = fluid density, lb/ft³ μ = fluid viscosity, centipoise Di = optimum inside pipe diameter, inches)
For turbulent flow (NRe > 2100) of low viscosity fluid (μ > 20cp) in steel pipes, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by(where, Q = fluid flow rate, ft³/sec.ρ = fluid density, lb/ft³ μ = fluid viscosity, centipoise Di = optimum inside pipe diameter, inches)
Shortest distance between two tubes is
Shortest distance between two tubes is
For storing hazardous chemicals in large storage tanks, the minimum safe distance between the two tanks should range between __________ times the tank diameter.
For storing hazardous chemicals in large storage tanks, the minimum safe distance between the two tanks should range between __________ times the tank diameter.
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)
In packed towers provided with pall rings liquid redistributors are positioned at heights of every 6 metres or 5-10 times the column diameter, whichever is less. Maximum size of the pall rings should not exceed __________ of the column diameter.
In packed towers provided with pall rings liquid redistributors are positioned at heights of every 6 metres or 5-10 times the column diameter, whichever is less. Maximum size of the pall rings should not exceed __________ of the column diameter.
Wind load consideration in the design of a support can be neglected, when the vessel is
Wind load consideration in the design of a support can be neglected, when the vessel is
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion allowance
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion allowance
for couplings and unions would be
for couplings and unions would be
Rivets are generally specified by the
Rivets are generally specified by the
In case of a 'thin' pressure vessel, the ratio of its diameter to wall thickness is
In case of a 'thin' pressure vessel, the ratio of its diameter to wall thickness is
Generally, as the length of the liquid path on a tray is increased beyond 5 ft, the overall column efficiency
Generally, as the length of the liquid path on a tray is increased beyond 5 ft, the overall column efficiency
The diameter of a propeller agitator used in agitation tank ranges from __________ percent of the tank diameter and its peripherial speed is normally 300 to 500 metres/minute.
The diameter of a propeller agitator used in agitation tank ranges from __________ percent of the tank diameter and its peripherial speed is normally 300 to 500 metres/minute.
Holes of a sieve tray are arranged in triangular pitch of __________ times the hole diameter.
Holes of a sieve tray are arranged in triangular pitch of __________ times the hole diameter.
Rate of filtrate delivery is inversely proportional to the
Rate of filtrate delivery is inversely proportional to the
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the bubble cap tray of a distillation column to give stable operation and even vapour distribution.
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the bubble cap tray of a distillation column to give stable operation and even vapour distribution.
Maximum acceptable total liquid gradient over a tray is about __________ mm.
Maximum acceptable total liquid gradient over a tray is about __________ mm.
A stuffing box is used for
A stuffing box is used for
